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This booklet presents research undertaken and compiled by the Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC). The findings of this research forma part of a comprehensive project of monitoring and researching issues related to land rights and their impact on Kenyan society. The data for this particular research was mainly collected from a secondary source, but it is the authorÆs hope that it will act as a springboard for numerous primary source case studies which will enrich issues of women and land rights in Kenya. The report contains information examining womenÆs access to and control over land and related resources. The chapters focus on the present conditions, experiences and circumstances of women within different tenure regimes and raise key policy considerations and debates. The authors feel that womenÆs equal access to land is an issue that needs to be addressed within broader discussion of land reform in Kenya, and that it is a controversial issue since it will challenge many existing beliefs, practices and traditions. In conclusion, the report makes several policy recommendations intended to minimise womenÆs marginalisation in the context of land rights in Kenya.

Este librete es parte de una serie de documentos del trabajo que analizan los procesos y las actividades del desarrollo conducidos por el Grupo Nacional de Trabajo para la Participación (GNTP) en Bolivia, en colaboración con LogoLink (Learning Initiative on Citizen Participation and Local Governance). Se discute las consecuencias y la puesta en práctica de la Ley de Participación Popular (LPP) Boliviana que fue establecida en 1994, y el papel del Comité de Vigilancia en contribuir al éxito del LPP. Se examina el uso de LPP en el contexto del control territorial o la creación de un "modelo estatal" de control social, analizando las fases de su puesta en práctica. Una fase de la manifestación y del foco en la comunidad rural y su relación a los sistemas estatales con un "modelo social-corporativo"; una fase de la nacionalización del control con un “modelo de Cooperación Internacional/ Iglesia"; y una fase de competencia e inclusión con "un modelo competitivo y democrático". El librete se divide en cuatro capítulos que se concluyan con un resumen que comunica los puntos principales presentados en el capítulo.

This booklet is published as part of a series of work documents analyzing the processes and development activities conducted by the Grupo Nacional de Trabajo para la Participacion (GNTP) in Bolivia, and in collaboration with LogoLink (Learning Initiative on Citizen Participation and Local Governance). It discusses the consequences and implementation of the Bolivian Law for Public Participation (LPP) that was established in 1994, and the role of the Vigilance Committee in contributing to the success of the LPP. It looks at the use of LPP in the context of territorial control and the creation of a “state model” for social control, analyzing the phases of its implementation.  These are: a phase of manifestation and focus on the rural community and its relation to the stately systems with a “Social-Cooperative model”; a phase of nationalization of the control with an “International/Church Cooperation Model”; and a phase of competence and inclusion with a “ Competitive and Democratic Model”. The booklet is divided into four chapters that are concluded with a summary communicating the main points presented in the chapter.

This report from the Lessons From the Field series presents the findings of a three-year research project by World Neighbours and the Ecuadorian family planning organization CEMOPLAF (Centre for Medical Guidance and Family Planning), comparing the impact of single-focus vs. integrated programming on community health, family planning acceptance, and community perception of service providers. 12 communities form the Bolivar region in Ecuador participated, where six of them were part of a ôhealth onlyö programme and the rest in a broader ôintegratedö programme addressing health, agriculture, and natural resource management. The report presents the methodology used for assessment and evaluation of the two programmes, agricultural aspects of the study (e.g. land use), relations between the communities and the implementing organisations, and health aspects (e.g. fertility, morbidity, mother and infant health, family planning). It is found that participants in the integrated programs increased their use of sustainable agriculture techniques and expressed positive attitudes about the implementing organisations. The results of health aspects of the project were not possible to evaluate after only three years, however, there were differences in family planning knowledge and acceptance rates between the health-only and the integrated communities. It is concluded that integrated service provision can lead to significant increases in family planning knowledge and acceptance in comparison with traditional single-focus approaches, and that further work needs to be done in replicating these findings.

Why do government bureaucracies adopt participatory approaches to natural resource management? First, why do governments change their policy to support people's participation in natural resource management? And second, once policy has changed, why do field agents change their behaviour to reflect the shift towards participation in policy statements? More specifically, how can managers induce their field agents to perform well at participatory approaches? The paper will use a case study constructed with original field data to address these questions. The case study centres around the Guidelines for Watershed Development issued by the Government of India in 1995, which govern national SWC programmes. The paper concludes with implications for reformers wishing to catalyse similar policy changes in other settings, and for managers wishing to induce good performance from their field agents in participatory natural resource programmes.

This report is an output from a research project on self-initiated forest management in Orissa, India, that was managed by the natural Resources Institute (UK). The research study was aimed at examining factors influencing the effectiveness of community forest management (CFM). A survey was undertaken in 43 forest-dependent communities which had initiated forest protection. The main survey methods used were semi-structured interviews, combined with transect walks and various participatory mapping and diagramming techniques. The CFM was examined in the context of peopleÆs livelihood systems as a whole, since these may affect the size of any benefits they get from protection, and also their main reasons for deciding to protect. At the start of the project 25 hypotheses were identified on the subject of the robustness of communities involved in forest management, based on statements made in important references. This report analyses the study findings in relation to these hypotheses. The hypotheses are framed in relation to the ôchances of successö, which was measured in two ways: firstly, the CFM groups that have experienced not experienced breakdowns in their protection system have been compared with those that have; and secondly, comparison was made between the characteristics of protection cases and those of non-protection cases. The report describes the study methodology in detail and groupings are made of the CFM groups. The report is concluded with a discussion of the findings regarding effective rights to forests and their products and implications for policy and practice.

This report gives account of the proceedings of the workshop Operationalizing participatory Approaches in Natural Resource Management organised by the Development Support Centre, in Ahmedabad, India, in 2002. The aim of the workshop was to share and reflect on the experiences of policy makers and implementers in promoting participation in three natural resource management (NRM) programmes, promoting watershed development, irrigation management and joint forest management, in the state of Gujarat. The facilitators and participants also looked at ways and means to enhance peopleÆs participation in these programmes. Participants included government policy makers at state level, practitioners at district level and NGO leaders. Participatory methods were used extensively during the workshop with experience sharing being central. The proceedings are initiated with a description of the inauguration and the methods used to meet and greet each other; expectations of the participants; and explanation of words frequently used in the development field. They go on to take a brief look at each presentation and describes the participatory facilitation techniques used, including: the understanding of participation, with a card game; ladder diagram of levels and types of participation, with experience sharing including presentations from the participants; stakeholder participation and classification using matrices; recent trends in participatory approaches at an international level; attitudes and behaviours of stakeholders and project facilitators, using role play; and analysis of participation at different levels. The results of all exercises and discussions are presented in matrices and diagrams. Finally some brief conclusions and evaluations are given