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This paper is about the use of various methodologies such as PRA, basic communication skills, mediated learning experience and log frame in developing a community and group action plans. The use of these tools in the context of child support programmes, which aim at enhancing the development, survival, protection participation of children, are discussed. Redd Barna Uganda's experience in using a mix and match method and the process involved in it are explained. The complementarity between log frame and PRA methods, especially in the development of a community action plan after the local situational analysis is done, is emphasised for widening the scope of PRA. Questions are raised on some of the key issues, such as how to sustain community participation in the long run.

The author describes PLA approaches as a set of recipes for the field of Participation. The purpose of this article is to describe another such recipe called "Imagine" which is a version of Appreciative Inquiry. This begins with a group asking appreciative questions then using those questions to talk to a wider group. Their answers are developed into provocative propositions (challenging statements about how the future should be) and these are presented to the wider group of people who need to be involved in making them come true. The article first describes the whole process, then illustrates the various stages and finally reviews it's strengths and weaknesses.

The overview of this issue on the evaluation of children's participation has its roots in a symposium on 'Children's Participation in Community Settings', which was held in Oslo, Norway in June 2000. The symposium brought together members of the Childwatch International Research Network and the Growing Up in Cities project of the MOST Programme of UNESCO. The overview outlines the Convention on the Rights of the Child and how it relates to the articles, and gives a brief description of each contribution in this edition of PLA notes.

This article describes the phenomena of children's clubs which have emerged as a new form of institution in Nepal. The authors document the research into this phenomena that they carried for Save the Children Norway and Save the Children US, who themselves support 300 clubs. The research was concerned with general and national patterns and questions of structures and process within the clubs. The article outlines the genesis and growth of children's clubs in Nepal; organisational structure and membership; club activities and impacts of the clubs and recommendations.

This article looks at the issues of cost and sustainability of one of Save the Children's principle interventions in Morocco: the establishment and support of a major residential institution for physically disabled children. The issues that emerged concerned representation of disabled people, a 'hierarchy' of acceptance relating to disabled people within disabled people's organisations themselves, and the limited timeframe to carry out the research than had originally been planned in order to establish trust with people.|The findings were that the expenses spent on the facility could have been extended to a much wider net of beneficiaries if more community based programmes had been developed. This led to much criticism by officials and project participants. However, no easy solutions emerged to address difficulties in the project, given the complexities involved in discrimination against disabled people.

This paper analyses the role of civil society in advocating for the adoption of the Bill on the Right to Education in India. The author argues that recent successes in civil society mobilisation could form a good basis to implementing the right to education with the active collaboration and participation of the Indian government. Thus she demonstrates how civil societyûgovernment collaborative approaches have been able to tackle child labour and contribute to increasing access to educational opportunities for girls. In doing so, the author recommends: that there be an increase in sensitisation, mentoring, awareness-building, and in developing the participatory governance capacities of rights-unaware communities, while mobilising the masses to achieve reforms through advocacy; that there be a requirement for state bureaucracy to train staff in reforming legal and regulatory frameworks, and implementation systems; that at the local level designing methods of participation that incorporate new bargaining tools e.g. Public Interest Litigation (PIL); and working with women in æpositions of powerÆ as potential agents and champions of change. Some of the observations that have been made in the interim period following the passing of the Right to Education Bill include: a call from representatives from civil society to government to set up a 'National Commission on Education' comprised of experts, which would ensure a participation through involving civil society actors as an integral component in any planning and delivery to ensure implementation of the Constitutional provision; and the formation of state-level networks of civil-society organisations several Indian states to lobby the state governments to implement the principles of the Bill on the ground.

Este paquete de información sirve para dar una introducción al género y ciudadanía. Contiene tres documentos: un informe general, una colección de recursos de apoyo, y el Boletín de Bridge, EnBreve, edición 14 sobre género y ciudadanía. El informe examina la importancia de ciudadanía y género en la teoría y la práctica del desarrollo. Discute los discusiones dominantes en la literatura sobre género y ciudadanía y procura ilustrar cómo mirar la ciudadanía de una perspectiva del género puede introducir las derechas más amplias y la participación política como metas del desarrollo. También subraya cómo entendiendo las maneras en que diversos grupos definen y experimentan la ciudadanía puede permitir a agentes del desarrollo y a los ciudadanos con cuales trabajan para hacer tales derechas y la participación una realidad. La colección de recursos de apoyo se compone de resúmenes de textos claves, estudios de caso, herramientas, pautas y otros materiales referente al género y ciudadanía. Además, se incluyen detalles sobre contactos y enlaces para recursos en Internet. El boletín mira las maneras de trabajar con ideas de la ciudadanía puede ayudar a promover igualdad del género. Un procedimiento al desarrollo que empieza con la perspectiva de la gente como los ciudadanos puede permitir a agentes del desarrollo de apoyar a luchas de derechos y participación en la toma de decisiones para aquellos marginados en base de género. Esto implica re-enmarcar las derechas y responsabilidades de la ciudadanía para incluir las necesidades de mujeres y de asegurar su acceso a la política y a las instituciones. Los estudios y los artículos de caso incluyen experiencias de Egipto, de Bangladesh, de México, de Namibia, de la India, del Brasil, de México, de Sudáfrica y de Rwanda.