Vulnerability and Poverty During Covid-19: Religious Minorities in Nigeria
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The report presents key findings on ways in which the experiences of people are accentuated by religious marginality in its intersections with other identifiers. The findings are drawn from discussions held during 24 participatory inquiry groups (IGs), drawings, reflections, ranking and scoring matrices, and 30 semi-structured interviews.
These activities took place with people living in poverty, brought together in separate groups of men and women of each religious minority, and with comparator groups from the mainstream religion. The selected sites were towns sheltering internally displaced people (IDPs) in Plateau and Kaduna states in Nigeria, and urban slums in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka states in India. In each site, we also consider the experiences of comparator 9 groups, i.e. those also living in poverty but of the mainstream religion, such as dalit Hindus in India, Muslims living in a predominantly Christian area of Nigeria, and Christians living in a predominantly Muslim area of Nigeria.
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This IDS Working Paper explores the role of labour intermediaries, their aspirations, and their perceptions about the benefits and costs of facilitating work in the ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ (‘AES’) and other employment.
Our research objective was to understand these experiences to develop more effective policies and interventions to prevent human trafficking and labour and sex exploitation. Using a victim-centred participatory approach, we interviewed 33 adults who identified themselves or were identified by others as labour intermediaries.
This Working Paper has a companion paper – Labour Trajectories and Aspirations of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ Workers – which builds upon previous research to examine the labour trajectories, and the role of labour intermediaries, for ‘AES’ workers within Nepal and beyond its borders.
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This IDS Working Paper explores the labour trajectories and aspirations, and the labour intermediaries of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ (‘AES’) workers.
Our research objective was to understand these experiences to develop more effective policies and interventions to prevent human trafficking as well as labour and sex exploitation. Research included a literature review, interviews with ‘AES’ workers, and observations in areas with reported elevated levels of human trafficking to visualise the economic activities.
This Working Paper has a companion paper – Getting Work: The Role of Labour Intermediaries for Workers in Nepal and the International ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ – which focuses on the role of labour intermediaries, their aspirations, and their perceptions about the benefits and costs of facilitating work in the ‘AES’ and other employment.
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This is a participatory toolkit for understanding unpaid care work and its distribution within local communities and families.
Together, these tools provide a way of ascertaining and capturing research participants’ understanding of women’s unpaid care work – giving special attention to the lived experiences of carrying out unpaid care work and receiving care. Please note that these tools were developed and used in a pre-Covid-19 era and that they are designed to be implemented through face-to-face interactions rather than online means.
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Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) failures continue to be discussed mostly off the record, with professionals the world over repeating one another’s mistakes.
Failure is difficult to talk about, but WASH failures have negative impacts – money is wasted and sometimes people are harmed. We need to acknowledge that not everything we try will succeed, but that if we learn from one another, we can continuously improve our work. Since 2018, we have attempted to foster this change through the ‘WASH Failures Movement’.
This issue of 'Frontiers of Sanitation' is a compilation of what we’ve learned about why WASH failures happen, how we can address them, and how we can facilitate a culture of sharing and learning from failure in the WASH sector.
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Engaging men and boys is an exciting development in the WASH space; for too long our efforts to transform gender inequality focused too narrowly on women and girls.
Limiting ourselves to half the possible number of allies, partners for change, innovators, and leaders to address this issue held back progress, and also placed the ‘burden for change’ squarely on women’s shoulders
This issue of Frontiers of Sanitation explores the extent to which engaging men and boys in WASH processes is leading to transformative change in gender roles, attitudes, and sustainable change in reducing gender inequalities across households, communities, organisations, and policy.
This document is an update to Frontiers Part 1 produced in 2018. In Part 1, the differing roles of men and boys were reviewed in terms of objects to change (i.e. to change sanitation or hygiene behaviours), agents of change (in promoting improved practices), and partners for change in gender-transformative WASH processes.
This update reviews progress and provides practical examples of the opportunities and challenges with this endeavour. It also includes recommendations for those thinking about why and how to include engaging men and boys as part of their WASH programmes.
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This document accompanies Frontiers of Sanitation: Engaging men for gender transformative WASH, Part 2, which explores the extent to which engaging men and boys in WASH processes is leading to transformative change in gender roles, attitudes, and sustainable change in reducing gender inequalities across households, communities, organisations, and policy.
Practical examples are presented here from:
Each of these examples, all of which are from projects funded by the Australian Government’s Water for Women Fund, describe interventions that employed different gender-transformative approaches to engage with and reach men and boys. They also describe the projects’ successes and challenges.
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This Working Paper presents the findings from an embedded theory-based evaluation of a participatory peace-building initiative implemented in the Djenné and Mopti cercles in Mali as part of the ‘Vestibule of Peace’ project.
The project used Systemic Action Research (SAR) to first support diverse members of selected local communities to collect and analyse life stories through mapping the systemic drivers of conflict. This causal analysis motivated the generation of collective solutions to selected drivers through facilitated Action Research Groups (ARGs). The SAR approach as an alternative, participatory approach to peace-building aimed to engage and empower local actors to build their agency as they define and negotiate innovative pathways to achieve peace. The paper presents findings about how, for whom, and under what conditions the phases of the SAR process led to a number of outcome pathways: trust-building setting the conditions for the ARGs to be effective; direct resolution of long-standing conflicts through ARG actions; local ownership over and use of an inclusive and causal methodology for conflict resolution; and potential for collective ownership and agency to influence system dynamics.
This Working Paper is also available in French: Évaluation de la recherche-action systémique en tant qu’intervention participative de consolidation de la paix au Mali : résultats obtenus à Djenné et à Mopti
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Ce document de travail présente les résultats d’une évaluation basée sur une théorie intégrée d’une initiative participative de construction de la paix mise en oeuvre dans les cercles de Djenné et de Mopti au Mali dans le cadre du projet Vestibule de la Paix.
Le projet a utilisé la recherche-action systémique (SAR) pour soutenir d’abord divers membres de communautés locales sélectionnées afin de recueillir et d’analyser des récits de vie en cartographiant les moteurs systémiques du conflit. Cette analyse causale a motivé l’élaboration de solutions collectives aux facteurs sélectionnés par l’intermédiaire de groupes de recherche-action (GRA). L’approche SAR, en tant qu’approche alternative et participative de la construction de la paix, visait à impliquer et à responsabiliser les acteurs locaux pour qu’ils développent leur capacité à définir et à négocier des voies innovantes pour parvenir à la paix. Le document présente des conclusions sur la manière dont, pour qui et dans quelles conditions les phases du processus SAR ont conduit à un certain nombre de résultats : l’instauration d’un climat de confiance créant les conditions nécessaires à l’efficacité des GRA ; la résolution directe de conflits de longue date grâce aux actions des GRA ; l’appropriation locale et l’utilisation d’une méthodologie inclusive et causale pour la résolution des conflits ; et le potentiel d’appropriation et d’action collective pour influencer la dynamique du système.
Cette publication est également disponible en anglais : Evaluating Systemic Action Research as a Participatory Peace-Building Intervention in Mali : Findings from Djenné and Mopti
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This paper presents the findings from an embedded theory-based evaluation of a participatory peace-building initiative implemented in the Kangaba region of Mali as part of the ‘Vestibule of Peace’ project.
The project used Systemic Action Research (SAR) to first support diverse members of selected local communities to collect and analyse life stories through mapping the systemic drivers of conflict. This causal analysis motivated the generation of collective solutions to selected drivers through facilitated Action Research Groups (ARGs). The SAR approach, as an alternative, participatory approach to peace-building, aimed to engage and empower local actors to build their agency as they define and negotiate innovative pathways to achieve peace.
The paper presents findings about how, for whom, and under what conditions the phases of the SAR process contributed to emerging outcome pathways: through high levels of ownership and use of an alternative, inclusive, and causal method for conflict mediation; leading to improved capacity for inclusive conflict mediation by traditional leaders and others; with concrete actions leading to specific solutions, such as the building and use of a new Vestibule with the potential for sustained change, and, in some cases, resulting in social ties being re-established between communities that had been in conflict.
This Working Paper is also available in French: Résultats consolidés de l’évaluation de la recherche-action systémique en tant qu’intervention participative de consolidation de la paix à Kangaba, au Mali
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Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche d’évaluation intégrée d’une intervention participative de consolidation de la paix à Kangaba, au Mali, au sein du projet « Vestibule de la paix ».
Le projet utilise la recherche-action systémique (SAR) pour aider dans un premier temps divers membres de communautés locales sélectionnées à recueillir et analyser des récits de vie en traçant les moteurs systémiques du conflit. Cette analyse causale motive ensuite la génération de solutions collectives à certains moteurs à travers des groupes de recherche-action facilités (GRA). L’approche SAR, une approche alternative et participative à la consolidation de paix, vise à impliquer et à donner aux acteurs locaux les moyens de renforcer leur capacité d’agir alors qu’ils définissent et négocient des voies innovantes pour parvenir à la paix. L’article présente des résultats sur comment, pour qui, et sous quelles conditions les phases du processus SAR contribuent aux parcours de résultats émergents : à travers un niveau élevé d’appropriation et l’usage d’une méthode alternative, inclusive, et causale de médiation de conflit ; ce qui mené a une capacité amélioré pour la médiation de conflit par les chefs traditionnels et autres ; avec des actions concrètes menant à des solutions spécifiques comme la construction et l’usage d’un nouveau Vestibule avec le potentiel pour un changement soutenu, et dans certains cas, menant au rétablissement de liens sociaux entre les communautés qui étaient en conflit.
Cette publication est également disponible en anglais : Consolidated Findings from Evaluating Systemic Action Research as a Participatory Peace-Building Intervention in Kangaba, Mali