Large-scale participatory natural resource management programmes often include national governments, large NGOs and donor agencies as major actors. The scaling up of participation to include more people and places constantly challenges these large organisations to become flexible, innovative and transparent. More specifically, the emphasis on diversity, decentralisation and devolution of decision making powers in the management of natural resources for complex and dynamic livelihoods implies procedures and organisational cultures which do not impose "particiaption" from above through bureaucratic and standardised practices. Under what conditions can bureaucracies be refashioned or transformed to ensure that their outcomes (policies, programmes, resource allocation and projects) actually facilitate, rather than inhibit, participation and the adaptive management of natural resources? What is the impact of institutionalising participatory approaches on the social dynamics, livelihoods and well-being of low-income rural and urban groups and local organisations? To focus on these issues and questions, IIED and IDS have inititiated an action-oriented research project to examine the dynamics of institutionalising people-centred processes and participatory approaches for natural resource management in a variety of social and ecological contexts. This bibliography includes about 390 references and critical overviews on seven key themes. Theories of the organisational change for participation Towards learning organisations Gender and organisational change Transforming environmental knowledge and organisational cultures Nuturing enabling attitudes and behaviour Policies for participation Methods for institutional and impact analysis
How can ordinary citizens - and the organizations and movements with which they engage - make changes in national policies which affect their lives, and the lives of others around them? Under what conditions does citizen action contribute to more responsive states, pro-poor policies and greater social justice? What is needed to overcome setbacks, and to consolidate smaller victories into 'successful' change? These are the questions taken up by this book which brings together eight studies of successful cases of citizen activism in South Africa, Morocco, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Turkey, India and the Philippines.
A basic introduction to the techniques that could be used in participatory monitoring and evaluation. Outlines the development and utility of participatory monitoring and evaluation as of the late 1980s, and how it has evolved for use in community forestry projects. The methods used (community selection and community problem analysis as well as ongoing monitoring and evaluation) are discussed, including specific evaluation events and the methods for dissemination and communication of results. Finally, some of the tools used are given, with an overview of their main characteristics, uses and drawbacks. While these tools are not termed PRA in this report, they are the same as tools used at the participatory appraisal stage.
This manual describes the Participatory Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation (PAME) approach as it is applied to an evaluation and monitoring system for traditional or small fishing communities. Based on the PAME manual (Community Forestry Note 2) and the "Community's Toolbox" (both published by FAO), it translates the contents into a fisheries setting and then combines the two manuals into one.