Towards incorporating precision and transparency in a participatory approach in Burkina Faso

There are several ways to interpret the term "participation". Confusion surrounds it and people now are no longer simply talking about "participation", but about "actual", "real", "true" and "active" participation. This World Neighbours discussion paper outlines two major schools of thought of participation: instrumental and tranformative participation, and gives details of indicators to measure impact and quality. It goes on to discusses the constraints of participation and concludes that both transformative and instrumental participation play complementary roles in the process of successful social development.