Participatory learning and action or participatory acting?

This article reflects, with hindsight, on a participatory evaluation project that took place two years ago - a project that the authors felt 'went wrong'. Through critical reflection, they raise issues regarding how projects using PLA methodologies to make changes can get stuck in predetermined outcomes from the outset. They describe such a process, which although contributing to personal development, did not contribute to systemic transformation. The authors encourage PLA practitioners to take a more realistic view of transformation - not as a linear crisis-free process, but as one that allows for and expects crisis and conflict in the journey of transformation. In particular, capabilities to manage practitioners' roles as facilitators and consultants are needed.