Gaventa, John

The report is a summary of the data gathered and analyzed by citizens learning teams and their supporters. The teams worked to design and implement a participatory evaluation process to track local progress of a federal program to relieve severe distress in rural and urban areas. The report focuses on lessons learned about the early stages of the program and the use of community-based monitoring and evaluation as a tool for strengthening community development.

This article begins with a brief discussion of the links between the concepts of participation and social exclusion. Brief histories of three government programmes in the United States which have attempted to use participation to address poverty and social exclusion are then given. Themes emerging from these histories are outlined and their possible relevance for the South, as participation is increasingly used as an institutonalised strategy for addressing poverty.

Draft report describing a participatory method used during a workshop to synthesise information from 8 village level participatory poverty assessment (PPA) studies and create a detailed structure for a synthesis report.

This reports on the trials of various pigeonpea cultivars. In 1989- 90, the performance of four pigeonpea genotypes resistant to helicoverpa armigera - ICPL 84060, ICPL 332, ICPL 87088 and ICPL 87089 were evaluated in on-farm trials in Medak district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Forty marginal farmers from 16 villages were asked to grow the genotypes on large plots using their own management practices, and compare them with local pigeonpea cultivars. PRA methods were used to elicit criteria for comparisons from farmers in semi-structured interviews.