Engendering greater citizen rights in Campfire: a double edged sword?: some reflections from the case study of Hurungwe
When the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) was formulated in the late 1980s it was seen as introducing a compendium of rights related to making a living from the management of wildlife resources by local communities. Since the mid-1990s questions have been asked about the nature and form of citizen rights (if any) that the CAMPFIRE model engenders. Specific questions have centred on whether there was adequate devolution of authority to enhance community participation above the level of ArnsteinÆs tokenism.